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What is Angular, and how is it different from AngularJS? Key features of Angular? Explain Angular’s architecture. Explain Angular’s new architecture. Purpose of TypeScript in Angular? Components in Angular? Data binding in Angular? What is a module in Angular? What is Standalone Components? Signals in angular? Angular CLI? Decorators in Angular? Directives in Angular?

What is angular's new control flow? What are @Input() and @Output() decorators? Angular Pipes? What is the difference between Template-Driven Forms and Reactive Forms in Angular? What are lifecycle hooks in Angular? Explain ngOnInit and ngOnDestroy How is dependency injection implemented in Angular? What are Angular services, and how do you create one? What is RxJS, and how is it used in Angular? What are Observables, and how are they different from Promises?

Explain about Content Projection in Angular? How do you manage state in an Angular application? What is the purpose of ViewChild and ContentChild in Angular? How do you optimize an Angular application for better performance? What is AOT (Ahead-of-Time) Compilation in Angular? What is the difference between constructor and ngOnInit in a component? What are Angular animations, and how are they implemented? How does Angular handle error management and debugging?

How would you debug a slow Angular app? How do you secure an Angular application from vulnerabilities like XSS and CSRF? How do you handle large datasets in Angular without compromising performance? Explain how you would implement dynamic forms in Angular? How do you handle multiple API calls simultaneously in Angular? What would you do if a component’s ngOnInit is not executing? How would you share data between sibling components? How do you ensure a component only loads after data is fetched from an API? What steps would you take to migrate an AngularJS project to Angular?

Explain how do you setup the Routing in Angular? Describe how do you configure and access Route Parameters? Explain how can you achieve page navigation in Angular? Explain the concept of lazy loading in Angular? Explain the difference between forRoot and forChild in Angular? What are Angular Guards? Explain the different types. Can you explain what do understand by this route configuration in Angular?

What is React, and how does it differ from other JavaScript frameworks? What are the key features of React? What is JSX, and how does it work in React? What is the Virtual DOM, and how does React use it? What are React components, and how do you create one? What is the difference between functional and class components in React? What are props in React, and how are they used? What is state in React, and how do you manage it in a functional component? What is the purpose of the useState hook in React? What are React lifecycle methods in class components? What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled components in React? What is the purpose of keys in React lists? How do you handle events in React? What is conditional rendering in React, and how can you implement it?

What are React Hooks, and why were they introduced? Explain the useEffect hook and its common use cases. What is the difference between useEffect and useLayoutEffect? How can you create a custom hook in React? What is the Context API, and how do you use it to manage state? What is the purpose of the useReducer hook, and how does it compare to useState? How do you handle forms in React with controlled components? What are React Fragments, and why are they useful? What is prop drilling, and how can you avoid it? What is the difference between lifting state up and using Context in React? How do you optimize rendering in React using React.memo? What are higher-order components (HOCs) in React? What is the purpose of the useCallback hook, and when should you use it? What is the difference between useMemo and useCallback?

How does React's reconciliation process work under the hood? What are Concurrent Mode and Suspense in React, and how do they improve performance? How can you implement code-splitting in a React application? What are Error Boundaries in React, and how do you implement them? How do you manage global state in a large React application? What is server-side rendering (SSR) in React, and how can you implement it with Next.js? What are the differences between client-side rendering (CSR) and server-side rendering (SSR)? How can you improve the performance of a React application with lazy loading? What is the purpose of the useTransition hook in React 18? How does React handle batching of state updates, and how can you control it? What are React Portals, and when should you use them? How can you integrate React with Redux for state management? What is the difference between Redux Toolkit and traditional Redux? How do you test React components using Jest and React Testing Library?

What is .NET, and what are its key components? What is the difference between .NET Framework and .NET Core? What is the Common Language Runtime (CLR)? What are the different types of assemblies in .NET? What is the Global Assembly Cache (GAC)? What is the difference between managed and unmanaged code? What is Garbage Collection in .NET, and how does it work? What is a namespace in .NET? What are the access modifiers in C#? What is the difference between struct and class in C#? What is boxing and unboxing in .NET? What is the purpose of the using statement in C#?

What is the difference between IEnumerable and IQueryable in .NET? What is dependency injection, and how is it implemented in .NET? Explain the concept of middleware in ASP.NET Core. What are the different hosting models in ASP.NET Core? What is Entity Framework, and what are its advantages? What is the difference between Code-First and Database-First approaches in Entity Framework? What are LINQ queries, and how do they work in .NET? What is the purpose of async and await in C#? What are delegates in C#, and how are they used? What is the difference between Task and Thread in .NET? What are extension methods in C#? What is the purpose of IConfiguration in ASP.NET Core? What are filters in ASP.NET Core, and how are they used? What is the difference between authentication and authorization in .NET?

What is the purpose of the Span<T> and Memory<T> types in .NET? How does the .NET garbage collector handle memory management in multi-generational heaps? What are the differences between AOT (Ahead-of-Time) and JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation in .NET? How can you optimize the performance of an ASP.NET Core application? What is the role of the ILogger interface in .NET, and how is logging implemented? What are the differences between Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly? How does .NET handle cross-platform development with .NET 8? What are gRPC services, and how are they implemented in .NET? How can you implement a custom middleware in ASP.NET Core? What is the purpose of the ValueTask type in .NET, and when should it be used?

What is a first class function in Javascript? What is Node.js and how it works? How do you manage packages in your node.js project? How is Node.js better than other frameworks most popularly used? Explain the steps how “Control Flow” controls the function calls? What are some commonly used timing features of Node.js? What are the advantages of using promises instead of callbacks? What is fork in node JS? Why is Node.js single-threaded? How do you create a simple server in Node.js that returns Hello World? How many types of API functions are there in Node.js? What is REPL? List down the two arguments that async.queue takes as input? What is the purpose of module.exports? What tools can be used to assure consistent code style?

What do you understand by callback hell? What is an event-loop in Node JS? If Node.js is single threaded then how does it handle concurrency? Differentiate between process.nextTick() and setImmediate()? How does Node.js overcome the problem of blocking of I/O operations? How can we use async await in node.js? What is node.js streams? What are node.js buffers? What is middleware? Explain what a Reactor Pattern in Node.js? Why should you separate Express app and server? For Node.js, why Google uses V8 engine? Describe the exit codes of Node.js? Explain the concept of stub in Node.js?

What is an Event Emitter in Node.js? Enhancing Node.js performance through clustering. What is a thread pool and which library handles it in Node.js? What is WASI and why is it being introduced? How are worker threads different from clusters? How to measure the duration of async operations? How to measure the performance of async operations?

Default lifetime of DbContext in DI? How can you create a database using EF? Does EF Core allow creating migrations for multiple databases? How can you create multiple new entities in EF? How can you update an existing entity in EF? How can you delete an existing entity in EF? How to seed a database with initial data in EF? How to enable logging of SQL queries generated by EF?

Explain how EF translates LINQ to SQL commands How can you use Scoped DbContext in a Singleton Service? Explain how Pooling works in EF Name 2 ways how to create a Pooled DbContext When should you use DbContextFactory? How would you execute database migrations on a production db? What are EF Core Interceptors used for? How to implement soft deletion in EF? How can you update an existing entity without selecting it from the database? How can you delete an existing entity without selecting it from the database? How to manually create a database transaction in EF? Explain different transaction isolation levels How to implement Optimistic Locking in EF? How to call a database view in EF? How to call a stored procedure in EF? How to create a one-to-one relationship in EF? How to create a one-to-many relationship in EF? How to create a many-to-many relationship in EF?

What are Global Query Filters? What is AsSplitQuery used for? What is the purpose of Compiled Queries? Can you create Compiled async queries? How to search data as IgnoreCase in EF? What are JSON columns? How to implement Cascade deletion? How can you implement audit trails in EF? How can you implement multitenancy in EF? Explain how Eager Loading works Explain how Explicit and Lazy Loading works Do you need a Repository and Unit Of Work pattern for EF?

What is DevOps, and what are its core principles? What is the difference between DevOps and traditional IT operations? What are the key benefits of implementing DevOps in an organization? What is Continuous Integration (CI), and why is it important? What is Continuous Deployment (CD), and how does it differ from Continuous Delivery? What are the main components of a CI/CD pipeline? What is version control, and why is it essential in DevOps? What are some popular version control systems used in DevOps? What is the purpose of a build tool in DevOps? What is a container, and how does it relate to DevOps? What is the role of a configuration management tool in DevOps? What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC), and what are its advantages? What is the difference between a monolithic and a microservices architecture? What are the basic steps to deploy an application to a cloud provider?

How do you set up a CI/CD pipeline using Jenkins? What is the role of Docker in a DevOps workflow? How does Kubernetes manage containerized applications? What is the difference between Docker and Kubernetes? How can you automate infrastructure provisioning using Terraform? What are the best practices for writing effective IaC scripts? How do you monitor the performance of a deployed application? What is the purpose of a blue-green deployment strategy? How do you handle rollback strategies in a deployment process? What is the role of a load balancer in a DevOps deployment? How do you ensure security in a CI/CD pipeline? What is the difference between canary deployment and rolling deployment? How do you use GitOps to manage infrastructure and applications? What are the key metrics to monitor in a DevOps environment?

How do you design a highly available and scalable deployment architecture? What are the challenges of implementing DevOps in a legacy system? How can you implement a zero-downtime deployment strategy? What is the role of Service Mesh (e.g., Istio) in a microservices architecture? How do you integrate security practices into a DevOps pipeline (DevSecOps)? What are the differences between stateful and stateless applications in deployment? How do you perform chaos engineering to improve system resilience? What is the purpose of a GitLab CI/CD pipeline, and how does it compare to Jenkins? How can you optimize a CI/CD pipeline for faster build and deployment times? What are the best practices for managing secrets in a DevOps environment? How do you implement multi-cloud deployment strategies? What is the role of observability in modern DevOps practices? How do you handle data migration during a deployment to a new environment? How can you automate disaster recovery in a DevOps setup?

What is software testing, and why is it important? What is the difference between manual testing and automated testing? What are the different levels of software testing (e.g., unit, integration, system)? What is a test case, and what are its key components? What is the purpose of a test plan in software testing? What are the different types of testing (e.g., functional, non-functional)? What is regression testing, and when is it performed? What is the difference between verification and validation in testing? What are the common testing techniques (e.g., black-box, white-box)? What is a bug, and how is it reported in a testing process? What is the role of a test environment in software testing? What are the qualities of a good test case? What is the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing? What tools are commonly used for manual testing?

How do you write effective unit tests using a framework like JUnit or NUnit? What is test-driven development (TDD), and how does it work? How do you perform integration testing for a microservices architecture? What is the purpose of mocking in unit testing, and how is it implemented? How do you handle flaky tests in an automated testing suite? What is the difference between end-to-end (E2E) testing and integration testing? How do you use Selenium for automated web testing? What is the role of continuous testing in a DevOps pipeline? How do you measure the coverage of your test suite? What is the difference between load testing and stress testing? How do you perform security testing for a web application? What is the purpose of a test automation framework, and what are some examples? How do you handle test data management in automated testing? What are the best practices for writing maintainable automated tests?

How do you design a comprehensive testing strategy for a large-scale application? What are the challenges of testing in an agile development environment? How can you implement performance testing using tools like JMeter or LoadRunner? What is mutation testing, and how does it improve test quality? How do you perform accessibility testing for a web application? What is the role of AI and machine learning in modern software testing? How do you implement contract testing for microservices? What are the differences between static and dynamic testing techniques? How do you handle testing in a continuous deployment environment? What is the purpose of chaos testing, and how can it be applied to testing? How do you ensure test coverage for edge cases in a complex system? What are the best practices for testing a distributed system? How do you integrate testing into a CI/CD pipeline with parallel execution? How can you use exploratory testing to complement automated testing?

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